Rate (kinetic) Reactions: =================== If the analyte is an enzyme, a molecule which can catalyze the conversion of unlimited numbers of reagent molecules (termed substrates) to product, the amount of product at the endpoint would not reflect the amount of enzyme. Instead, the endpoint would reflect the amount of substrate that was present. For this reason, enzyme activity is determined by a rate reaction rather than an endpoint reaction. In such cases determination of the enzyme concentration is based on how fast a fxed amount of substrate is converted to product. The more enzyme present, the faster the conversion. Examples of enzymes that are often measured in the clinical laboratory include lipase and alanine.
Rate reactions may also be used for measurement of analytes that are not enzymes. For example, if a reaction is very slow to reach an endpoint, a rate method may be more practical in order to obtain a result in a shorter timeframe. Some examples of analytes other than enzymes that are measured using rate reaction include ammonia (a waste product of protein metabolism) and amikacin (a therapeutic drug).
Rate (kinetic) Reactions: =================== If the analyte is an enzyme, a molecule which can catalyze the conversion of unlimited numbers of reagent molecules (termed substrates) to product, the amount of product at the endpoint would not reflect the amount of enzyme. Instead, the endpoint would reflect the amount of substrate that was present. For this reason, enzyme activity is determined by a rate reaction rather than an endpoint reaction. In such cases determination of the enzyme concentration is based on how fast a fxed amount of substrate is converted to product. The more enzyme present, the faster the conversion. Examples of enzymes that are often measured in the clinical laboratory include lipase and alanine.
Rate reactions may also be used for measurement of analytes that are not enzymes. For example, if a reaction is very slow to reach an endpoint, a rate method may be more practical in order to obtain a result in a shorter timeframe. Some examples of analytes other than enzymes that are measured using rate reaction include ammonia (a waste product of protein metabolism) and amikacin (a therapeutic drug).
Bitcoin is built on a distributed digital record called a blockchain. As the name implies, blockchain is a linked body of data, made up of units called blocks that contain information about each and every transaction, including date and time, total value, buyer and seller, and a unique identifying code for each exchange. Entries are strung together in chronological order, creating a digital chain of blocks. “Once a block is added to the blockchain, it becomes accessible to anyone who wishes to view it, acting as a public ledger of cryptocurrency transactions,” says Stacey Harris, consultant for Pelicoin, a network of cryptocurrency ATMs. Blockchain is decentralized, which means it’s not controlled by any one organization. “It’s like a Google Doc that anyone can work on,” says Buchi Okoro, CEO and co-founder of African cryptocurrency exchange Quidax. “Nobody owns it, but anyone who has a link can contribute to it. And as different people update it, your copy also gets updated.”
NEWS: Telegram supports Facetime video calls NOW!
Secure video calling is in high demand. As an alternative to Zoom, many people are using end-to-end encrypted apps such as WhatsApp, FaceTime or Signal to speak to friends and family face-to-face since coronavirus lockdowns started to take place across the world. There’s another option—secure communications app Telegram just added video calling to its feature set, available on both iOS and Android. The new feature is also super secure—like Signal and WhatsApp and unlike Zoom (yet), video calls will be end-to-end encrypted.
